The rapid urbanization of the 21st century, combined with the proliferation of digital technologies, has ushered in a new era of smart governance canteredon the strategic use of urban data. "Smart governance of urban data" refers to the effective, transparent, and inclusive management of data generated through various urban systems, such as transportation, energyand waste management, public health, and citizen services. This article critically explores the concept, frameworks, and practical applications of urban data governance in the context of smart cities, with a focus on democratic accountability, privacy, equity, and efficiency. The study examines how urban data, when governed appropriately, can enhance decisionmaking, enable predictive planning, and foster real-time responsiveness in urban administration. It investigates the institutional, technological, and policy mechanisms required to ensure that data collected through Internet of Things (IoT) devices, surveillance systems, mobile applications, and administrative records are used ethically and equitably. The role of stakeholders—including municipal governments, private tech companies, civil society, and citizens—is analysed in shaping aparticipatory data ecosystem.Special attention is given to the challenges associated with data governance in developing country contexts, including issues of digital divide, lack of regulatory infrastructure, data security threats, and the centralization of data control. Case studies from global smart cities and Indian urban centres such as Bengaluru, Pune, and Hyderabad are used to highlight both best practices and cautionary tales. The article proposes a normative framework for smart governance of urban data that emphasizes transparency, interoperability, open data standards, citizen consent, and institutional accountability. It also discusses the potential of data-driven governance to bridge urban service delivery gaps, improve urban resilience, and support inclusive policy interventions.Ultimately, the study calls for a shift from purely techno-centric approaches to a more citizen-centric and governanceoriented model of smart cities—where data is not just a tool of efficiency but a means to deepen democratic urban development.