The usage of nanoparticles has proven to be effective and beneficial across an array of applications.However, the unequivocal implications of exposure to nanoparticles on human health and as well as the environmental dangers connected to their manufacturing and usage are still under-exploredNanotechnology deals with the invention and application of technologies on a scale of 1 to 100 nm at the molecular and atomic levels. It is an exceptionally versatile and multifaceted science that touches various aspects and fields like medicine, chemistry, physics, biology, and healthcare, it is gaining attention from researchers all over the world day after day. Nanoparticles have great and special optical and electromagnetic properties at nanoscale dimensions, thereby providing opportunities to continue with developments in the areas of health sciences and medicine, such as targeted delivery of drugs, medical diagnostics, tissue engineering, cancer treatments, regenerative medicine, and development of vaccines. However, because of the instabilities and inconsistencies in the size, shape, and chemical makeup of some nanoparticles can impose deleterious effects on the environment and human health. As a result, questions have been raised concerning the transportation, fate, and modification of nanoparticles discharged into the ecosystem. To determine the importance of nanotechnology and to direct its progress in different fields. The governments, civil society organizations, scientists, and the general public must work together toachieve this goal.This critical review assesses the knowledge ofthe exposure, application, safety concerns, risks, and impacts of nanoparticles on the environment and human health.