This study investigated the effects of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on tomato seed germination and early seedling growth using varying concentrations (0–100 mg/L). Germination parameters, including germination percentage and germination rate, alongside root and shoot lengths, were evaluated over a five-day period. The results showed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited a Keywords concentration-dependent effect. Low to moderate concentrations (20–60 mg/L) significantly enhanced germination and growth, with the highest germination percentage recorded at 40 mg/L and the greatest root and shoot lengths at 60 mg/L. However, higher concentrations (80–100 mg/L) resulted in a decline in all growth parameters, suggesting potential inhibitory or toxic effects at elevated levels. Overall, the findings indicate that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can promote early tomato plant development when applied at optimal concentrations, supporting their potential use as nano-fertilizers. Further field-based and long-term studies are recommended to validate their safety and agronomic efficiency

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