The increasing sophistication of supply chain threats, coupled with the proliferati

counterfeit components and the vulnerabilities inherent in legacy information systems, presents a critical challenge for US manufacturing industries. This study investigates the role of blockchain technology in enhancing supply chain security by conducting a systematic literature review of 57 peer-reviewed studies, government reports, and industry case analyses published between 2018 and 2025. Six dominant themes are identified: traceability and transparency, fraud and counterfeit prevention, smart contract automation, regulatory compliance, interoperability challenges, and scalability barriers. The study proposes a Unified Blockchain Security Framework (UBSF) comprising four interdependent layers Governance and Policy, Technology Integration, Risk Assessment and Monitoring, and Supply Chain Security Outcomes supported by a continuous improvement loop. Case study evidence from Walmart, Lockheed Martin, Ford Motor Company, and the US Department of Defense illustrates the practical applicability of blockchain for manufacturing supply chain security. Findings indicate that while blockchain offers significant security enhancements, adoption barriers including implementation costs, workforce skill gaps, and regulatory uncertainty remain prevalent. The UBSF provides standardized guidance for manufacturers, regulators, and supply chain stakeholders seeking to leverage blockchain technology safely and effectively.

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