Artificial Night Light (ANL), commonly referred to as Artificial Light at Night (ALAN), has emerged as an important environmental pollutant that significantly alters natural ecosystems and wildlife behavior. Although light pollution has traditionally been associated with urban environments, the rapid expansion of rural electrification, agricultural development, transportation infrastructure, and outdoor lighting has substantially increased nighttime illumination in rural ecosystems. Nocturnal animals depend on natural darkness for essential biological activities such as foraging, navigation, reproduction, communication, predator avoidance, and maintenance of circadian rhythms. Artificial night lighting disrupts these natural behavioral patterns, leading to physiological stress, altered movement patterns, reduced reproductive success, habitat fragmentation, and ecosystem imbalance. The present study examines the impact of artificial night light on the activity patterns of nocturnal animals in rural ecosystems through a comprehensive review and analytical assessment of recent scientific literature. The findings indicate that increasing levels of artificial night illumination significantly reduce nocturnal activity, alter predator-prey interactions, disturb biological rhythms, and negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The study also highlights mitigation strategies, including wildlife-friendly lighting systems, adaptive lighting technologies, dark-sky conservation, and sustainable rural planning. Overall, minimizing artificial light pollution is essential for conserving nocturnal biodiversity and maintaining ecological integrity in rural landscapes