This study examines the impact of resource control and a decentralized taxation model on national economic sustainability. Under the current centralized revenue allocation system, subnational governments face severe fiscal dependency, which stifles localized economic growth and breeds political friction. This paper evaluates a proposed structural shift where individual states manage their localized natural and economic resources and remit a standardized tax to the federal government. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes secondary fiscal data alongside qualitative assessments of global fiscal federalism models. The findings reveal that resource autonomy stimulates regional productivity, diversification, and competitive economic strategies. Conversely, the study notes that a sudden transition could exacerbate horizontal economic inequalities among resource poor states. Ultimately, the paper concludes that decentralized resource management paired with a robust federal tax framework provides a viable pathway to long-term macroeconomic stability, provided adequate transitional equalization funds are established.